Mashtishk Vigyan Anusandhan

Selecting a random sample is a crucial aspect of research methodology to ensure the representativeness and generalizability of study findings. Here are some common methods and considerations for selecting a random sample: 1.     Simple Random Sampling : o     In simple random sampling, each element in the population has an equal chance of being selected for the sample. o     One method is to assign a unique identifier (e.g., numbers) to each element in the population and then use a random number generator to select sample units. o     Another approach is to use random sampling techniques such as lottery methods or random number tables to choose sample units. 2.     Systematic Sampling : o     In systematic sampling, researchers select every nth element from a list of the population after randomly determining a starting point. o     This method is efficient and easy to implement, espe...

Judgment sampling, also known as purposive or selective sampling, is a non-probability sampling technique where researchers use their judgment and expertise to select sample units based on specific criteria or characteristics relevant to the research objectives. In judgment sampling, researchers intentionally choose sample units that they believe are representative or typical of the population of interest. Here are some key points about judgment sampling: 1.     Definition : §   Judgment sampling is a non-probability sampling method where researchers select sample units based on their judgment, expertise, or knowledge of the population. §   Sample units are chosen deliberately to represent certain traits, characteristics, or experiences that are deemed relevant to the research objectives. 2.     Characteristics : §   Judgment sampling relies on the researcher's subjective judgment and understanding of the population to select sample units tha...

Quota sampling is a non-probability sampling technique that involves dividing the population into subgroups or strata based on certain characteristics and then selecting samples from each subgroup in proportion to their presence in the population. Quota sampling is a method of convenience sampling where researchers establish quotas for different subgroups and then non-randomly select participants to fill those quotas. Here are some key points about quota sampling: 1.     Definition : o   Quota sampling is a non-probability sampling method where researchers divide the population into subgroups or strata based on specific characteristics (such as age, gender, income level) and then set quotas for each subgroup. o     Participants are selected non-randomly to fill the quotas, typically based on convenience or availability, rather than through random selection. 2.     Process : o     Researchers first identify key characterist...

Haphazard sampling, also known as convenience sampling, is a non-probability sampling technique where sample units are selected based on their convenient availability to the researcher. This method is characterized by its reliance on easily accessible subjects rather than random selection. Here are some key points about haphazard sampling or convenience sampling: 1.     Definition : o     Haphazard sampling, or convenience sampling, involves selecting sample units based on their easy accessibility and convenience to the researcher. o     Researchers choose participants who are readily available or easily reached, without following a systematic or random selection process. 2.     Characteristics : o     Convenience sampling is a non-probability sampling method that does not involve randomization or known probabilities of selection. o   Sample units are typically chosen based on the researcher's proximity, ava...