This research paper presents SIMPL (Scalable Iterative Maximization of Population-coded Latents), a novel, computationally efficient algorithm designed to refine the estimation of latent variables and tuning curves from neural population activity. Latent variables in neural data represent essential low-dimensional quantities encoding behavioral or cognitive states, which neuroscientists seek to identify to understand brain computations better. Background and Motivation Traditional approaches commonly assume the observed behavioral variable as the latent neural code. However, this assumption can lead to inaccuracies because neural activity sometimes encodes internal cognitive states differing subtly from observable behavior (e.g., anticipation, mental simulation). Existing latent variable models face challenges such as high computational cost, poor scalability to large datasets, limited expressiveness of tuning models, or difficulties interpreting complex neural network-based functio...
Abnormal slowing of the alpha rhythm refers to deviations from the typical frequency range and characteristics of the alpha waves observed in EEG recordings. 1. Characteristics : o Abnormal slowing of the alpha rhythm is characterized by a decrease in frequency, typically falling below the normal range of 8-13 Hz. o The alpha rhythm may exhibit frequencies in the range of 6-8 Hz, indicating a slower oscillation pattern compared to the typical alpha activity. 2. Appearance : o The abnormal slowing of the alpha rhythm may manifest as extended anterior distribution of the alpha waves. o In some cases, abnormal slowing may occur without other accompanying signs of drowsiness, distinguishing it from the normal alpha rhythm in drowsiness. 3. Diagnostic Considerations : o Identifying abnormal slowing of the alpha rhythm requires comparison with age-appropriate norms and considera...