What are the effects of experience on brain development?

The concept of "experience expectant" development highlights the significance of early experiences in shaping normal brain development, particularly during the early postnatal period. This period is critical for establishing the core compartments of the developing nervous system, from the spinal cord to the cortical structures of the telencephalon.

The document emphasizes that the early postnatal period is characterized by exuberant connectivity throughout the developing brain, far exceeding that of adults. This excessive connectivity is gradually pruned back through competitive processes influenced by the experiences of the organism. These early experience-dependent processes underlie the well-documented plasticity and capacity for adaptation that define early brain development.

Furthermore, studies on brain development indicate that input via all major sensory systems is essential for establishing the mature organization of the neocortex. When specific aspects of input are lacking, alternative patterns of brain organization can emerge, reflecting altered profiles of neural competition. This demonstrates the brain's capacity for plastic adaptation in response to varying experiences.

In summary, the information in the document suggests that experiences, particularly during the early postnatal period, have a profound impact on brain development. These experiences influence connectivity, neural competition, and ultimately shape the organization and function of the developing brain.

Stiles, J. (2008). The fundamentals of brain development: Integrating nature and nurture. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

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Mashtishk Vigyan Anusandhan

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