This research paper presents SIMPL (Scalable Iterative Maximization of Population-coded Latents), a novel, computationally efficient algorithm designed to refine the estimation of latent variables and tuning curves from neural population activity. Latent variables in neural data represent essential low-dimensional quantities encoding behavioral or cognitive states, which neuroscientists seek to identify to understand brain computations better. Background and Motivation Traditional approaches commonly assume the observed behavioral variable as the latent neural code. However, this assumption can lead to inaccuracies because neural activity sometimes encodes internal cognitive states differing subtly from observable behavior (e.g., anticipation, mental simulation). Existing latent variable models face challenges such as high computational cost, poor scalability to large datasets, limited expressiveness of tuning models, or difficulties interpreting complex neural network-based functio...
Vertex Sharp Transients (VSTs) and K Complexes are both EEG patterns observed during sleep, but they have distinct characteristics and clinical significance. 1. Morphology : § VSTs : Typically exhibit a triphasic waveform, consisting of two small positive waves surrounding a larger negative sharp wave. They may also appear as diphasic or monophasic but are most commonly recognized in their triphasic form. § K Complexes : Characterized by a large, biphasic waveform that consists of a sharp negative deflection followed by a slower positive component. K Complexes are often more pronounced and can have a more complex morphology compared to VSTs. 2. Timing and Context : § VSTs : Primarily occur during drowsiness and non-REM sleep, often spontaneously or in response to sensory stimuli, particularly auditory stimuli. They are considered a marker of the transition into sleep. § K Complexes : Typically occu...