1. What is Uncertainty in Classification? Uncertainty refers to the model’s confidence or doubt in its predictions. Quantifying uncertainty is important to understand how reliable each prediction is. In multiclass classification , uncertainty estimates provide probabilities over multiple classes, reflecting how sure the model is about each possible class. 2. Methods to Estimate Uncertainty in Multiclass Classification Most multiclass classifiers provide methods such as: predict_proba: Returns a probability distribution across all classes. decision_function: Returns scores or margins for each class (sometimes called raw or uncalibrated confidence scores). The probability distribution from predict_proba captures the uncertainty by assigning a probability to each class. 3. Shape and Interpretation of predict_proba in Multiclass Output shape: (n_samples, n_classes) Each row corresponds to the probabilities of ...
Vertex Sharp Transients (VSTs) and K Complexes are both EEG patterns observed during sleep, but they have distinct characteristics and clinical significance. 1. Morphology : § VSTs : Typically exhibit a triphasic waveform, consisting of two small positive waves surrounding a larger negative sharp wave. They may also appear as diphasic or monophasic but are most commonly recognized in their triphasic form. § K Complexes : Characterized by a large, biphasic waveform that consists of a sharp negative deflection followed by a slower positive component. K Complexes are often more pronounced and can have a more complex morphology compared to VSTs. 2. Timing and Context : § VSTs : Primarily occur during drowsiness and non-REM sleep, often spontaneously or in response to sensory stimuli, particularly auditory stimuli. They are considered a marker of the transition into sleep. § K Complexes : Typically occu...