The 0D closed-loop model of the whole cardiovascular
system plays a crucial role in enhancing the overall accuracy of simulations in
the context of biventricular electromechanics. Here are some key ways in which
the 0D closed-loop model contributes to the accuracy of the simulation:
1. Comprehensive Representation: The 0D
closed-loop model provides a comprehensive representation of the entire
cardiovascular system, including systemic circulation, arterial and venous
compartments, and interactions between the heart and the vasculature. By
capturing the dynamics of blood flow, pressure-volume relationships, and
vascular resistances, the model offers a holistic view of circulatory
physiology.
2. Integration of Hemodynamics: By integrating
hemodynamic considerations into the simulation, the 0D closed-loop model allows
for a more realistic representation of the interactions between cardiac
mechanics and circulatory dynamics. This integration enables the simulation to
account for the effects of preload, afterload, and vascular compliance on
cardiac function, leading to more physiologically relevant results.
3. Pressure-Volume Loop Simulation: The
closed-loop model can simulate the pressure-volume loop (PV-loop) of the entire
cardiovascular system, providing insights into the hemodynamic changes
throughout the cardiac cycle. This information is essential for understanding
how changes in cardiac function impact systemic circulation and vice versa,
leading to a more accurate representation of the heart's performance under
varying conditions.
4. Physiological Interface Conditions: The
closed-loop model allows for the implementation of physiologically sound
interface conditions between the electromechanical model of the heart and the
circulatory system. By ensuring consistency between the two models, the
simulation can capture the dynamic feedback mechanisms that govern the
interaction between cardiac electromechanics and hemodynamics.
5. Prediction of Global Responses: The 0D
closed-loop model enables the prediction of global responses of the
cardiovascular system to changes in cardiac function, vascular properties, and
systemic parameters. This capability is essential for studying the overall
performance of the heart in the context of the entire circulatory system and
for assessing the impact of interventions or pathophysiological conditions on
cardiovascular function.
In summary, the 0D closed-loop model of the whole
cardiovascular system enhances the accuracy of biventricular electromechanical
simulations by providing a comprehensive representation of circulatory
dynamics, integrating hemodynamic considerations, simulating pressure-volume
relationships, ensuring physiological interface conditions, and enabling the
prediction of global responses of the cardiovascular system.
Piersanti, R., Regazzoni, F.,
Salvador, M., Corno, A. F., Dede', L., Vergara, C., & Quarteroni, A.
(2021). 3D-0D closed-loop model for the simulation of cardiac biventricular
electromechanics. *arXiv preprint arXiv:2108.01907*.
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