Over the past decade, robotic neurorehabilitation has become one of the most discussed innovations in neurological recovery. Robotic gait trainers, upper-limb rehabilitation systems, exoskeletons, and AI-assisted rehabilitation devices are increasingly being adopted by hospitals and rehabilitation centres worldwide. However, an important question remains: Are robots the future of neurorehabilitation—or are they simply another tool in the rehabilitation toolbox? As clinicians and researchers, we must move beyond marketing claims and focus on scientific evidence, patient selection, and clinical reasoning. What is Robotic Neurorehabilitation? Robotic neurorehabilitation involves the use of electromechanical devices that assist, guide, resist, or augment movement during therapy. These technologies include: • Robotic gait trainers • Wearable exoskeletons • Upper limb robotic rehabilitation devices • End-effector robotic systems • Sensor-based rehabilitation platforms • AI-assiste...
Lateral gaze
artifacts in EEG recordings occur during eye movements towards the sides.
Nature of Lateral
Gaze Artifacts:
o Lateral gaze
artifacts are produced by eye movements towards the sides, resulting in
specific patterns in the EEG.
o These artifacts
are dependent on conjugate gaze, where each eye's dipole contributes to the
artifact.
2. Characteristics:
o Lateral gaze
artifacts typically exhibit positive and negative phase reversals at specific
electrodes corresponding to the direction of gaze.
o The field of
lateral gaze artifacts is maximum across the temples and frontal poles, with a
frequency usually less than 1 Hz.
o The amplitude of
lateral gaze artifacts is low, resembling an unstable baseline for the
superimposed EEG activity.
3. Differentiation:
o Lateral gaze
artifacts can be distinguished by their waveform characteristics, which have a
more abrupt transition between positive and negative slopes compared to blinks
and eyelid flutter artifacts.
o Specific movement
features, such as the direction of gaze and the resulting phase reversals at
electrodes, help differentiate lateral gaze artifacts from other ocular
artifacts and EEG patterns.
Understanding the
characteristics and differentiation of lateral gaze artifacts is essential for
accurate EEG interpretation, as these artifacts can mimic abnormal brain
activity if not properly identified and distinguished from genuine EEG
patterns.
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