Classification of EEG Artifacts

1. Physiological Artifacts:

o Muscle Artifacts: Caused by electromyographic (EMG) activity from muscle contractions, which can obscure EEG signals.

o Cardiac Artifacts: Result from electrical and mechanical effects of the heart's activity, including pacemaker artifacts and pulse artifacts.

o Ocular Artifacts: Arise from eye movements and blinks, affecting EEG recordings, especially in frontal regions.

2. Environmental Artifacts:

oElectrical Interference: Result from devices in the environment emitting electrical signals, such as 60 Hz electrical artifacts.

o Mechanical Interference: Arise from physical movements or interactions with the EEG recording setup, leading to artifacts like ballistocardiographic artifacts.

3. Technical Artifacts:

o Electrode Artifacts: Caused by issues with electrode placement, impedance mismatches, or movement artifacts during recording.

o Amplifier Artifacts: Result from problems with the EEG amplifier, such as saturation, noise, or improper settings.

4. Biological Artifacts:

o Electrode Popping: Occurs when electrodes lose contact with the scalp, leading to sudden changes in EEG signals.

o Electrode Drift: Results from gradual changes in electrode contact or impedance over time, affecting signal quality.

5. Artifact Mimics:

o Benign Epileptiform Transients of Sleep (BETS): Resemble ECG artifacts but can be differentiated based on waveform characteristics and temporal correspondence to ECG signals.

o Focal Ictal and Interictal Epileptiform Discharges: Differentiated from ECG artifacts based on waveform features, location, and occurrence patterns.

Understanding the classification of EEG artifacts based on their sources and characteristics is essential for identifying and mitigating these unwanted signals during EEG interpretation. Proper recognition and differentiation of artifacts from genuine brain activity are crucial for accurate clinical diagnosis and treatment decisions.

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Mashtishk Vigyan Anusandhan

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