What are the common causes of the triphasic pattern in encephalopathy?

The triphasic pattern in encephalopathy is commonly associated with several underlying conditions.

1. Hepatic Encephalopathy: This is the classic and most common clinical correlate of the triphasic pattern, often resulting from liver dysfunction leading to metabolic disturbances, particularly hyperammonemia.

2. Metabolic Disturbances: Other metabolic conditions that can lead to the triphasic pattern include renal insufficiency, intoxication (from substances like lithium, baclofen, and levodopa), hypoxia, and abnormalities in serum sodium and calcium concentrations.

3. Infections and Inflammatory Conditions: Conditions such as sepsis, meningitis, and cerebral vasculitis can also produce a triphasic pattern 1.

4. Neoplastic and Degenerative Conditions: Cerebral carcinomatosis and autoimmune disorders, such as autoimmune thyroiditis, have been reported to show this pattern as well.

5. Other Neurological Conditions: Triphasic waves can occur in various other conditions, including Alzheimer’s disease, brainstem infarction, diencephalic masses, and subdural hematomas.

Overall, while the triphasic pattern can be seen in a range of conditions, it is most frequently associated with significant metabolic disturbances, particularly those affecting liver function.

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Mashtishk Vigyan Anusandhan

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