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Energy Manifold Natural Gradient Descent: From Riemannian Optimization to Modern Neuroscience, NeuroAI and Quantum Physics

Dr. Rishabh Pathak
When Geometry, Energy, Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience Converge Modern Artificial Intelligence is rapidly moving beyond the idea that learning simply means minimizing an error function. Increasingly, researchers are asking a deeper question: what is the structure of the space in which learning takes place? This question becomes particularly important when the system being modelled is constrained, nonlinear, dynamic, or governed by physical principles. A recent work titled “Energy Manifold Natural Gradient Descent: Riemannian Optimization for Neural PDE Solvers” , by Zhangyong Liang and Huanhuan Gao, introduces Energy Manifold Natural Gradient Descent (EMNGD) , a mathematical framework that extends energy-based natural-gradient optimization from unconstrained Euclidean parameter spaces to constrained Riemannian parameter manifolds . At its core, the framework proposes a simple but powerful principle: An optimization algorithm should not only determine how to reduce error; it sh...
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What is Habituation?

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Dr. Rishabh Pathak

Habituation is a fundamental concept in psychology and neuroscience that refers to a decrease in response to a repeated or continuous stimulus over time. 

1.     Definition:

  • Habituation is a form of non-associative learning where an organism's response to a stimulus decreases after repeated or prolonged exposure to that stimulus.
  • It is a simple form of learning that involves the brain's ability to filter out irrelevant or non-threatening stimuli to focus on more important or novel information.

2.     Behavioral Response:

  • In the context of infant research and developmental psychology, habituation is often used as a method to study cognitive processes in young children who cannot verbally communicate their perceptions.
  • During habituation experiments, infants are presented with a stimulus repeatedly until they show a decreased interest or response to that stimulus.

3.     Experimental Procedure:

  • Habituation experiments typically involve presenting a stimulus repeatedly to the infant until a decrease in attention or response is observed.
  • Once habituation occurs, a new or novel stimulus is introduced to assess the infant's ability to discriminate between familiar and unfamiliar stimuli.
  • The recovery of attention or response to the novel stimulus after habituation indicates that the infant has detected a change in the environment.

4.     Importance:

  • Habituation is a valuable tool in developmental research as it allows researchers to study infants' perceptual abilities, memory processes, and cognitive development.
  • By measuring habituation and dishabituation responses in infants, researchers can gain insights into how infants perceive and process information in their environment.

5.     Application:

  • Habituation is not limited to infant research and is widely used in various fields of psychology and neuroscience to study learning, memory, sensory processing, and attention.
  • It provides a simple yet effective method to investigate how organisms adapt to their environment and filter out repetitive or irrelevant stimuli.

In summary, habituation is a basic learning process characterized by a decrease in response to a repeated stimulus. In the context of infant research, habituation experiments are used to study cognitive processes and perceptual development in young children. This form of learning plays a crucial role in how organisms adapt to their surroundings and prioritize relevant information for processing.

 

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