Purposive sampling, also known as judgmental or
selective sampling, is a non-probability sampling technique where sample units
are selected based on specific criteria determined by the researcher's judgment
and purpose of the study. This method involves the deliberate selection of
sample units that possess certain characteristics of interest. Here are some
key points about purposive sampling:
1. Definition:
o Purposive sampling is a sampling method where
researchers select sample units based on specific criteria or characteristics
relevant to the research objectives.
o Sample units are chosen intentionally to represent
certain traits, experiences, or variations within the population.
2. Characteristics:
o Purposive sampling is a non-random sampling
technique that relies on the researcher's expertise, judgment, and knowledge of
the population.
o Researchers use their discretion to select sample
units that are most likely to provide valuable insights or represent the
diversity of the population.
3. Types of Purposive Sampling:
o Maximum Variation Sampling: Selecting sample units that represent a wide range
of characteristics or experiences within the population.
o Homogeneous Sampling: Choosing sample units that share common
characteristics or traits to study a specific subgroup.
o Expert Sampling: Selecting sample units based on the expertise or knowledge they possess
related to the research topic.
o Typical Case Sampling: Choosing sample units that are considered typical
or representative of the population.
4. Advantages:
o Purposive sampling allows researchers to focus on
specific characteristics or subgroups of interest, making it suitable for
targeted research objectives.
o This method is valuable for studying rare
populations, exploring specific phenomena, or gaining in-depth insights into
particular traits.
5. Limitations:
o Results obtained from purposive samples may not be
generalizable to the entire population due to selection bias and non-random
selection.
o The subjective nature of purposive sampling can
introduce researcher bias and limit the external validity of the findings.
6. Applications:
o Purposive sampling is commonly used in qualitative
research, case studies, ethnographic studies, and situations where specific
characteristics or experiences are of interest.
o This method is particularly useful when studying
unique populations, exploring diverse perspectives, or conducting in-depth
investigations.
7. Considerations:
o Researchers should clearly define the criteria for
selecting sample units in purposive sampling and justify their choices based on
the research objectives.
o While purposive sampling offers flexibility and
targeted sampling, researchers should acknowledge its limitations in terms of
generalizability and potential bias.
Purposive sampling is a valuable sampling technique
that allows researchers to strategically select sample units based on specific
criteria relevant to their research goals. While this method offers advantages
in terms of targeted sampling and in-depth exploration, researchers should be
mindful of its limitations in terms of representativeness and potential bias.
Careful consideration of the research objectives and criteria for sample
selection is essential when employing purposive sampling in a study.
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