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Unveiling Hidden Neural Codes: SIMPL – A Scalable and Fast Approach for Optimizing Latent Variables and Tuning Curves in Neural Population Data

Dr. Rishabh Pathak
This research paper presents SIMPL (Scalable Iterative Maximization of Population-coded Latents), a novel, computationally efficient algorithm designed to refine the estimation of latent variables and tuning curves from neural population activity. Latent variables in neural data represent essential low-dimensional quantities encoding behavioral or cognitive states, which neuroscientists seek to identify to understand brain computations better. Background and Motivation Traditional approaches commonly assume the observed behavioral variable as the latent neural code. However, this assumption can lead to inaccuracies because neural activity sometimes encodes internal cognitive states differing subtly from observable behavior (e.g., anticipation, mental simulation). Existing latent variable models face challenges such as high computational cost, poor scalability to large datasets, limited expressiveness of tuning models, or difficulties interpreting complex neural network-based functio...
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Mobility

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Dr. Rishabh Pathak

Mobility in the context of biomechanics refers to the ability of a joint or the body as a whole to move through a full range of motion efficiently and effectively. Mobility is essential for performing daily activities, sports, and exercises with proper technique and reduced risk of injury. Here are key concepts related to mobility in biomechanics:

1. Joint Mobility:

  • Joint mobility refers to the range of motion available at a specific joint. Factors influencing joint mobility include the structure of the joint, surrounding ligaments, tendons, muscles, and joint capsule. Optimal joint mobility is essential for functional movement patterns.

2. Flexibility:

  • Flexibility is the ability of muscles and connective tissues to lengthen and allow joints to move through their full range of motion. Adequate flexibility is crucial for joint mobility, posture, and movement efficiency.

3. Muscle Length and Extensibility:

  • Muscle length and extensibility play a significant role in mobility. Muscles that are too tight or shortened can restrict joint movement, while well-conditioned and flexible muscles support optimal joint mobility.

4. Dynamic Mobility:

  • Dynamic mobility refers to the ability to move joints through a full range of motion actively and with control. Dynamic mobility exercises, such as dynamic stretching and mobility drills, help improve joint function and movement quality.

5. Passive Mobility:

  • Passive mobility involves the range of motion achieved with external assistance, such as a partner, gravity, or a prop. Passive stretching techniques can help improve joint mobility and flexibility by gently elongating muscles and connective tissues.

6. Functional Mobility:

  • Functional mobility refers to the ability to perform daily tasks, sports-specific movements, and exercises with proper joint mechanics and range of motion. Functional mobility training focuses on enhancing movement patterns relevant to individual needs and activities.

7. Mobility Training:

  • Mobility training includes exercises and techniques designed to improve joint mobility, flexibility, and movement quality. It may involve static stretching, dynamic stretching, foam rolling, mobility drills, and corrective exercises to address movement restrictions.

8. Mobility vs. Stability:

  • Mobility and stability are interconnected concepts in biomechanics. While mobility refers to the ability to move freely, stability provides support and control during movement. Optimal movement patterns require a balance between mobility and stability at each joint.

9. Mobility Assessment:

  • Assessing joint mobility and movement patterns is essential for identifying limitations, asymmetries, and areas of improvement. Functional movement assessments, range of motion tests, and mobility screens help tailor mobility training programs to individual needs.

Conclusion:

Enhancing mobility is crucial for optimizing movement quality, preventing injuries, and improving performance in various activities. By addressing joint mobility, flexibility, muscle extensibility, and functional movement patterns through targeted training and assessments, individuals can improve their overall mobility and movement efficiency.

 

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